Two nursery children playing with brightly coloured wooden blocks

Nurseries and early years settings all over the UK are struggling to recruit and retain staff. 
Now a new report, led by the 91porn, is calling for stronger action across all four UK nations to strengthen qualification requirements for the early years workforce (EYW) and to establish clear career progression routes with appropriate pay and status, in order to address the issue and drive up quality in the sector. 
The recommendations form part of , the final report from a comparative study of early years workforce policies across the four UK nations, commissioned by the Nuffield Foundation and managed by Early Education – a membership body of early years professionals across the UK. At its core, the report highlights the urgent need to improve the status and recognition of early childhood education staff. 

What needs to happen?  

  • The report calls for minimum entrance requirements to work in early childhood education and, as a minimum, that staff who are unqualified when starting work in the sector should be on a pathway to achieve a qualification within a set period (this is already the case in Scotland).   
  • It also states that there should be minimum entry requirements for maths, English (and Welsh in Wales) to ensure practitioners have the necessary literacy and maths skills to match the demands of the job.   
  • It also highlights the need for the current fragmented and confusing array of qualifications in all four nations to be addressed to create clearer, high-quality pathways through a career in early childhood education, with well-defined progression routes, aligned to related sectors, including teaching in primary. It proposes linking these to national pay scales. 
  • Taken together with professional registration, the report identifies these measures as essential to improving the status and recognition of early childhood education professionals, tackling the current recruitment and retention crisis, and driving up quality across the sector. 
Drawing together a review of the literature alongside interviews and focus groups with national stakeholders and interviews with international experts in early years education and childcare, the report includes insights from over 80 experts. The evidence highlights sustained challenges in recruitment, retention, remuneration, professional recognition, qualifications, and status for those working with young children.  
The report concludes that in all four nations, a largely fragmented approach to workforce development, with a lack of a clear EYW strategy, has created a crisis that is not only felt daily by those working in early years education and care, but is also at risk of undermining the quality of early years services at the heart of providing children’s foundations to learning, development, and life. 

What the experts say 

Principal Investigator, Professor Verity Campbell Barr is currently working across the South West to ensure early-years provision is underpinned by strong research to ensure the workforce is informed and empowered, giving young children the best start they can.  

By comparing the situation in all four UK nations and drawing on international experience, we have identified examples of policies which have successfully moved the dial on early years workforce challenges, including raising qualification levels, pay and status of the workforce.

While each of the four UK nations is starting in a different place, and may need to work to different timescales, we believe that all four should have the same ultimate aim of a graduate-led workforce with no unqualified staff.  
In return for a commitment to upskilling, professionals in the sector should be confident that they will have the same pay, status and career progression opportunities as those working in primary teaching and related fields.

Verity Campbell BarrProfessor Verity Campbell Barr
Professor of Early Childhood Education

Verity has also worked with the 91porn’s own nursery, Freshlings, to refresh its curriculum and empower staff to deliver it – which contributed to its recent ‘outstanding’ ratings from Ofsted in all areas.
She will be presenting the findings of the work at the All Party Parliamentary Group for Early Education and Childcare on 9 December. 
Dr Sasha Tregenza, who did her BA, MA and PhD focused upon Early Childhood Education at the 91porn, was one of the Research Assistants on the report. Now teaching childhood education and early years focused courses at University partner institution, Truro and Penwith College, she explains what it was like to study at 91porn, be supported into a career and contribute to the impactful piece of work.

I’d completed my doctorate at 91porn when I got the Research Assistant role, and it was great to work with Verity to help conduct the research, lead interviews and focus groups and analyse results.

Verity has been so supportive at every stage of my career, and I’ve always felt like a colleague as well as learning so much from her as a student. The report highlights some really interesting findings addressing current issues in the sector, which I regularly refer to in my everyday teaching practice.

Early Childhood Education alumni, Dr Sasha Tregenza, who was one of the Research Assistants on the report

We know that policymakers in all four nations are looking at how best to address current recruitment and retention challenges and to raise the quality of early childhood education provision to maximise the effectiveness of investing in this phase.

This is complex and demanding work which requires an accumulation of knowledge and experience to be done well, and pay and conditions must reflect that in order to attract and keep best people, and to give every child the start in life they need and deserve.

Early Education’s Chief Executive, Beatrice Merrick

The challenges facing the early years workforce are well known, and similar issues are evident across the four UK nations.

This important new study sets out not only what needs to be done to tackle these entrenched problems, but recognises that a phased approach is needed to improve the quality of early years provision and secure better working conditions for educators over the longer-term.


Programme Head for Education at the Nuffield Foundation, Eleanor Ireland